RESUMO
The deep posterior cervical muscles (DPCM), specifically the semispinalis cervicis and cervical multifidus, are often impaired in patients with neck disorders and have been assessed by several imaging techniques. Prior ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging and reliability assessments of the DPCM were performed utilizing similar positioning as assessments for the more superficial cervical extensors. Our objectives were to describe an SWE imaging technique for the DPCM, establish intra-rater reliability of DPCM SWE, and compare DPCM shear modulus during rest and submaximal contraction in both prone and seated positions in individuals without spinal pain. In sixteen participants, the DPCM was located using B-mode ultrasound, then muscle shear modulus was assessed via SWE at both rest and with contraction against a 2-kg resistance applied at the C2 spinous process. Within-day intra-rater reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.70-0.88). The DPCM were stiffer during contraction than at rest in the prone position (p = 0.002), and at rest in sitting versus at rest in prone (p = 0.003). Further research is needed to assess DPCM-specific SWE in symptomatic individuals and compare DPCM shear modulus to electromyography across contraction intensities.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/normas , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Músculos do Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos do Pescoço/fisiologia , Músculos Paraespinais/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos Paraespinais/fisiologia , Adulto , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Cervicais/fisiologia , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Ultrassonografia/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
At the 2006 National Meeting of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science, a panel discussed the question of what constitutes optimal or acceptable housing density for mice. Though there is a consensus that present guidelines are somewhat arbitrarily defined, scientific research has not yet been able to provide clear recommendations for amending them. Speakers explored the many factors that influence decisions on mouse housing, including regulatory requirements, scientific data and their interpretation, financial considerations and ethical concerns. The panel largely agreed that animal well-being should be the measure of interest in evaluating housing density and that well-being includes not only physical health, but also animals' behavior, productivity and preference.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Animais de Laboratório , Abrigo para Animais/normas , Ciência dos Animais de Laboratório/normas , Controle da População/métodos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/legislação & jurisprudência , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Abrigo para Animais/economia , Abrigo para Animais/legislação & jurisprudência , Ciência dos Animais de Laboratório/economia , Ciência dos Animais de Laboratório/legislação & jurisprudência , Camundongos , Controle da População/economia , Controle da População/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
The authors answer eight questions commonly asked of the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare concerning Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care of Use of Laboratory Animals.
Assuntos
Bem-Estar do Animal/legislação & jurisprudência , Animais de Laboratório , Política Organizacional , United States Public Health Service , Animais , Projetos de Pesquisa , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Only two protocol review methods fulfill USDA and PHS requirements-full committee and designated member. The author attempts to lessen the confusion surrounding this issue by describing these methods, along with examples of faulty hybrids and convenient strategies to bring unacceptable methods into compliance.
